| Natural EarthNatural Earth | Worldwide | Cultural and physical base maps | Shapefile; SQLite and GeoPackage bundles | Public download links displayed | Public domain (Natural Earth raster/vector data) |
| TIGER/Line 2026US Census Bureau | United States | Statistical geographic features and boundaries | Shapefile | Public download links displayed | US public domain (US Census Bureau-produced) |
| Geofabrik OSM extractsOpenStreetMap contributors / Geofabrik | Regional extracts worldwide | OpenStreetMap regional features | PBF, change files; selected shapefiles | Public free extracts; restricted raw alternative separate | Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL) |
| HydroSHEDS v1 coreWWF / HydroSHEDS | Near-global; resolution varies north of 60°N | Hydrological terrain and flow grids | Compressed gridded products | Not established in inspected sources | HydroSHEDS v1 Licence Agreement |
| geoBoundaries gbOpenWilliam & Mary geoLab / community | Worldwide | Administrative boundaries | GeoJSON, Shapefile, TopoJSON | Not established in inspected sources | CC BY 4.0 (gbOpen) |
| USGS 3DEPUSGS | United States; product-specific extent | Terrain elevation and lidar | DEM GeoTIFF; lidar files; inspect selected product | Public 3DEP links; EarthExplorer access differs | US public domain (USGS-produced) |
| USGS National HydrographyUSGS | US; NHDPlus coverage varies by release | Streams, catchments and watershed boundaries | Shapefile; file geodatabase; NHDPlus raster archives | Public download links displayed | US public domain (USGS-produced) |
| USFWS National Wetlands InventoryUS Fish & Wildlife Service / contributors | US states and territories; Alaska incomplete | Wetland and riparian mapping | Zipped GeoPackage or file geodatabase | Public state links displayed | Not established; check the dataset’s terms |
| NOAA Digital CoastNOAA Office for Coastal Management / data partners | US coastal regions; collection-specific | Coastal elevation, imagery, habitats and socioeconomic layers | Collection-specific; no uniform format established | Public catalogue; product-specific requirements unresolved | Dataset-specific terms; no blanket licence established |
| NASA EarthdataNASA Earth Science Data Systems / DAACs | Global, regional and campaign-specific | Earth observation and derived science products | Collection-specific; consult product variables and guide | Earthdata Login commonly required for download; collection-specific | CC0 (unmarked NASA-led mission data; check exceptions) |
| Copernicus DEMESA / Copernicus / Airbus | Global GLO-30/GLO-90; European EEA-10 | Surface elevation | GeoTIFF DGED/INSPIRE; DTED | Registration; EEA-10 restricted eligible groups | Copernicus DEM ESA–User Licence (instance-specific) |
| Polar Geospatial Center ArcticDEMPolar Geospatial Center / NGA / NSF | Arctic; post-June-2022 Alaska imagery excluded from public strips | Arctic surface elevation | GeoTIFF; extent indexes in multiple vector formats | Public products; restricted imagery separate | NextView / EOCL public DEM release exception |
| GEBCOGEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group | Global | Land terrain and seafloor bathymetry | netCDF; GeoTIFF; Esri ASCII raster | Public links displayed | Public domain (GEBCO terms of use) |
| Natural Resources Canada GeoGratisNatural Resources Canada | Canada | Canadian topographic and elevation collections | CanVec SHP/file geodatabase; elevation formats not established here | Public directory links displayed | Open Government Licence – Canada |
| Ordnance Survey OpenDataOrdnance Survey | Great Britain; product exceptions apply | Mapping, boundaries, addresses and transport | GeoPackage, GML, Shapefile, CSV; product-dependent | Not established; hub required JavaScript in text fetch | Open Government Licence (OGL) |
| Eurostat GISCOEuropean Commission / Eurostat | EU, member state and regional; layer-specific | European statistical and geographic reference layers | Collection-specific; not all formats checked | Public download sections displayed | GISCO dataset-specific conditions (check the theme) |
| LINZ Data ServiceToitū Te Whenua LINZ / source partners | New Zealand | Land, cadastral, imagery and elevation data | Collection-specific; GeoTIFF imagery displayed | Additional licence needed for personal-property data | CC BY 4.0 (most layers) |
| Geoscience Australia dataGeoscience Australia / collaborators | Australia and offshore regions | Geology, geophysics, terrain and mapping | Collection-specific; no uniform format established | Not established in inspected sources | CC BY 4.0 (GA-produced; stated exceptions) |
| WorldPopWorldPop / University of Southampton | Global, regional and bespoke country products | Modelled population and demographics | GeoTIFF; CSV for some datasets | Public source links; account not established here | CC BY 4.0 |
| Overture MapsOverture Maps Foundation / upstream contributors | Worldwide with uneven feature completeness | Addresses, base, buildings, divisions, places and transportation | GeoParquet documented; query/export tools separate | Access depends on chosen platform; no universal account requirement verified | ODbL; CDLA Permissive 2.0; other theme/source terms |